Clinometer.



NO. 888,238. PATENTED MAY 19, 1908.

J; D, KEITH & W. E. FAULKNER. CLINOME'IER.y

APPLICATION FILED AUG. lvl, 1907.

'ifi

UNITED 'STATES PATENT FFlCE,

JOHN DAVID KEITH AND WALTER EDGAR FAULKNER, OF SANTA ANNA, TEXAS.

CLINOMETER.

No. ceases.-

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented May l, 1908.

Application flied August 14, 1997. Serial No. 388,518.

To all who/ml it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOHN DAVID KEITH and WALTER Emsa FAULXNER, citizens of the United-States, residing at Santa Anna, in the county of Cole-man and State ol Texas, have invented a new and useful Clinometer,

of which the following is a specification.

My 'esem invention relates to improvemints m instruments for determining grades or angles of inclination of structures and objects of various descriptions, and it has for its object to provide an 1in-proved device of this character that is so simple in construction that it may be manufactured cheaply and is not liable to get out of order easily, and which, in ractice, is capable of indicating immediate y the angle or grade, the instrument being provided. with a scale so graduated that the instrument will give a direct reading vof the angle or grade, so that computations are unnecessary.

To these and other ends, the invention comprises the various novel features of construction and combination and arrangement of parts, which will be hereinafter more fully described, and pointed out particularly in the ap nded claims.

lil the accompanying drawing:--Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in sect-ion, of a clinorneter or level constructed in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the instrument shown in Fig. 1, portions of the stock being broken away to show the scales. Fig, 3 represents a transverse section of the instrument.

Correspondingparts in the several figures are indicated throughout by similar characters of reference.

The clinometer shown in the present'embodiment of the invention is capable of being applied to' stocks of various forms, it being usually employed on an ordinary striught edge or. leveling board of a length that will permit it to be easily handled, an ordmary straight edge 1 being shown 1n the present instance which is provided at a point intermediate its ends with a segmental recess 2 which extends downwardly from the upper edge thereof. The instrument, in the present instance, is carried by and 1s substantially inclosed within a` casing, the latter, in the present instance, be1ng cornnosedA of a pair of cooperating sections 3 and 1, the sections having substantially rectangular attachin' plates 5 and 6 which are secured upon t e opposite sides of the stock by means ol' screws or other fastening devices and S,

semicircular bearing plates 9 and l0 being extended upwardly from the upper edges of the attaching plates ol the respective sections. The sections of the casing are spaced apart in substantially parallel relation and are each provided with a substrmtially circular flange, the flanges 11 and l2 of the members being formed conce-ntriiifally and extending inwardly toward one another forming a. circular chamber 13 ivitl'lin which the operating elei'nents of the instrument are incloscd.

The movable element of the instrument, in the present instance, is composed of a, pendulum 14 which is mounted on a transverse pivot 15, the opposite ends of the latter being mounted in a suitable manner With-in the casing. In order to reduce the friction to such a point that the pendulum Wil-'l swing very delicately, it is preferable to provide aotiiriction bearings for it, the opposite ends of the pivot, in the prese-nt instance, lit-ing provided with cone surfaces i6 and l? with which the sets of balls 18 and 19 cooperate, the cupsZO, 2l, which in the resent instance are adjustable, providing ball races or cups The peiululu'm is constantly maintained in vertical position by means of a cmmter weight 22, the upper end of the pendulum extending through the slot 23 which is formed between the circular flanges ot the casing sections, and that portion ci' the pendulum which projects to the exterior of the casing is provided with a Ylinger or indicator by' Ymeans of which u reading may be had of the angle or grade of the structure or object under ln the present instance, a pair of cooperating scales 24 and 25 are marked oil on the circular flanges l1 and 12 of the casing sections, the scales being so graduated or calibrated that each graduation on thc scale corresponds to the rise or fall of a given amount at a predetermined distance, measured from the axis of the pendulum. The scale shown in the present case has graduations corresponding to a rise or fall of one inch at a distance of five feet from the axis of the pendulum, but it will be understood, of course, that the instruments may be supplied With scales which designate different gradients, or, in those cases where it is desirable to determine angles of inclination, the scale will be calibrated in degrees. The indicator on the upper end of the pendulum is provided with a pair of pointers 26 and 27 which cooperate,

respectively, y'with the scales 24 and 25, the reading edges oi the pointers being arranged4 vvreadings will be mre accurate.

By forming the casing of two s Unions which are secured on the opposite sides of the straiglnrv edge or board upon `which the vinstrument is to be used, the casing is capable ci accommodating itself to boards of difiere ent thicknesses.

Y An instrument of the character described constructed in accordance with the present invention is composed oiC but ievi parts Which are so simple in construction that they may he manufactured cheaply and thus enable the instrument to be sold at a reasonable price, and they are not liable to get vout of order, and, in practice, the instrument is capable oi giving a direct reading of the angle or grade to be determined.

Vilhat is claimed is zi. fin instrument ci the character described embodying a stock, a casing secured to the stock and provided with inwardly exA Y tending concentric iianges having their adja` cent longitudinal edges spaced apart and their exposed surfaces rovided withgraduaN tions constituting scaies, and a pendulum ivoted to swing Within the casing and havmg one end thereof extended between said viianges and provided with oppositely disposed pointers movable over and (3o-acting with the adjacent scales.

2. .Pin instrument of the character described embodying a stoclr, a casing secured to the .stock and provided with spaced .in-- Wardly extending flanges', graduated scales on the flanges, said scales being provided with numerals progressiA alternately from one scale to the other, an a pointer pivoteif l to swing Within the casing and having one end thereof extending between the flanges eeaeee and provided with oppositely disposed trans Verse ointers movable over and cdacting with the adjacent scales.

3. in an instrument oi scrihed,;the combination with a stock, ci. a casing including cooperating sections arranged at the opposite sides of the stoclr and provided with spaced inwardly extending flanges graduated to form a scale, and an iiidicator pi'voted` between said sections and the character da f having one end thereof Weighted and its ortu posite end extended between the ianges and provided with a transversepointer movable over the surface oi the scale. v

a. ln an instrument of the character described, the combination Wit-h. a stock, of a casing composed ofa pail' oi cooperating seci tions each embodying an attaching plate seeured to the side of the stock and a segmentai portion having an inturned circular flange, the 'franges ol' the sections cooperating to forni a chamber, a pendulum pivoted Within the said chamber and having an indicator nrojecting to the peripheries of the said i anges and provided with a pair of pointers,

and scales arranged on the said flanges and cooperating With the said pointers.

5. in an instrument oi the character dee scribed,. the combination WithV a stock, oi a casing coniposed'oi-apair of cooperating sections eacli embodying an attaching platasa cured to the side ofthe stock and a segmental.' portion having an inturned circular iiange, the Vflanges ci the sections coopers-.ting tov form a chamber, a pendulum pivoted Within the said chamber and having anindicator projecting tow the peripheries oi the said flanges, axially adjustable hearings on the casing sections cooperating with the pendulum pivot, and a scale on'the casing coperating with the indicator. i

n.' testimony thatiWe claim the foregoing as our own,.it'e hayehereto affixed our signamv turesy in the-presence, of .two witnesses.

JQHN EAVlD KElTH. v lJ*',AUl`Elt EDGAR BAULKJER' I l/litnesses:A

'- J. C. iT/Variaonj anos Tanon; i. 

